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备考:非谓语动词的四项内容和三种关系
在高中英语学习中,学生对非谓语动词的有关知识总是掌握不透。实际上,只要让学生弄懂它的概念、内容及存在的异同关系,那么在实际应用中一下子就会清楚了。
非谓语动词的四项内容:
1. 动名词即 V-ing 形式,它具有名词的特点,同时具备形容词和动词的特点,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
例如: Seeing is believing. (主语、表语)
This bike needs repairing. (宾语)
a swimming poor (定语)
2. 不定式即“ to+ 动词原形”形式,具有名词、形容词、副词和动词的特点,可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等。
例如: To learn a foreign language at least is necessary for the youth of the 21st century. (主语)
He decided to refuse the invitation. (宾语)
Jenny is to blame. (表语)
The students go to school to get knowledge. (状语)
Do you have anything to take? (定语)
The teacher asks the boy not to smoke. (补语)
3. 现在分词即 V-ing 形式,具有形容词、副词特点,可作定语、补语、状语等。例如: The girl singing in the classroom is our monitor. (定语)
I saw a thief stealing something. (补语)
Her parents died, leaving a lot of money. (状语)
4. 过去分词即“动词 +ed ”形式,具有形容词、副词特点,可作定语、表语、补语等。
例如: A boy called Tom comes from America. (定语)
The glass is broken. (表语)
When I got to the office, I found the work done. (补语)
非谓语动词的三种关系:
1. 动名词和不定式的关系
相同点:都可作主语和宾语。
不同点:( 1 )动名词表示经常性、不具体的动作;而不定式则往往表示某一次具体行为。
例如: I like listening to music, but I don't like to listen to this kind of music.
She likes going out for a walk after supper.
To come here today makes me very happy.
( 2 )在动词 forget, remember, regret 等词之后,动名词表示动作已做,而不定式则表示动作还未做。
例如: I regret telling him the had news. (已做)
Don't forget to post my letter. (未做)
I remember returning your book. (已做)
2. 动名词和现在分词的关系
相同点:都是 V-ing 形式。
不同点:动名词表示用途,现在分词则表示动作。
例如: a sleeping car (动名词)
a sleeping child (现在分词)
a waiting room (动名词)
a working man (现在分词)
3. 现在分词和过去分词的关系
相同点:都是分词,强调动作及状态。
不同点:现在分词表示主动、进行,而过去分词则表示被动。
例如: The woman standing by the school gate is my roommate's mother. (主动、进行)
The problem settled yesterday is about environment. (被动、完成)
总之,如果同学们能抓住这些要点和特殊点,那么非谓语动词这个语法点不会成为学习中的难题。
(张鑫友外语研究网)
历史上的今天:
2009年经典的网络英文缩略语 May 25, 2009谈英语的否定转移 May 25, 2008what引导的名词性从句用法列析 May 25, 2008英语不规则动词归类记忆表 May 25, 2008与中小学英语教师谈论文写作 May 25, 2008随机文章:
谈英语的否定转移 May 25, 2008高考英语非谓语动词的基本形式及基本功能 Dec 15, 20082008年英语高考复习备考指南 Apr 15, 2008英文语法难点分析:名词作定语的情况 Aug 24, 2009英文句子种类:肯定句和否定句 Aug 23, 2009
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